Common Cyber Attacks Everyone Should Know (and How to Defend)

Infographic: common cyber attacks and defense – Malware, Phishing, Ransomware, DDoS, MITM, SQLi/XSS, Insider

Cyberattacks are no longer a problem only for large corporations. Small and medium-sized businesses are often targeted because they lack resources and dedicated security teams. The good news: with the right habits and a few key technologies you can significantly reduce risk, minimize damage, and recover faster.

In this article, we cover the 7 most common threats – with a short explanation and concrete defense steps. Use the lists as an internal checklist for your team or as a starting point for your cybersecurity plan.

1) Malware

Viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware that infect systems to steal, encrypt, or destroy data.

How it spreads: malicious attachments, infected websites, pirated software, vulnerable services.
Defense: software updates, endpoint protection (EDR/antivirus), offline backups, restricted user rights.

2) Phishing

Fake emails/messages trick you into sharing passwords or clicking dangerous links. Spear phishing targets specific people.

Signs: suspicious sender domain, urgency, unusual payment/password requests.
Defense: MFA everywhere, verify the sender, employee awareness, email filters and DMARC/SPF/DKIM.

3) Ransomware

Encrypts your data and demands payment. Often spreads through phishing or vulnerable RDP/VPN services.

Prevention: 3-2-1 backup strategy, timely patching, network segmentation, restrict admin and RDP access.
Response: incident response plan, isolate affected machines, restore from clean backups, notify the team.

4) DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)

Overwhelms your site/service with traffic until it becomes unavailable. Usually powered by botnets.

Defense: CDN/WAF, rate limiting, network filtering, capacity planning, and proper edge solutions.

5) Man-in-the-Middle (MITM)

Attackers intercept or alter traffic – often on public Wi-Fi or misconfigured systems.

Defense: HTTPS everywhere, VPN on untrusted networks (e.g., WireGuard/OpenVPN), HSTS, trusted certificates.

6) Web App Attacks (SQL Injection / XSS)

Exploiting input/output vulnerabilities to read/change data or execute scripts in your apps.

Defense: parameterized queries, input validation, output encoding, WAF, testing and code reviews.

7) Insider Threats

Deliberate abuse or mistakes from employees/partners with legitimate access.

Defense: least-privilege access, logging/monitoring, secure offboarding, DLP, and data classification.

Quick Checklist for Small Teams

Enable MFA for email, VPN, and critical systems.
Automatic OS/software patches; limit local admin rights.
3-2-1 backups with regular restore tests.
Phishing awareness training + internal reporting channel.
WAF/CDN for public websites; VPN for internal resources.
SIEM/monitoring and an incident response plan.

Useful Technologies & Services

VPNs and firewalls (OPNsense/MikroTik) for secure access and segmentation.
SIEM/EDR monitoring for visibility and early detection.
Support & incident response – procedures, exercises, and SLA.

Conclusion

Most incidents can be prevented with basic hygiene, regular backups, and clear access rules. Start with the checklist above and expand based on your environment’s risks. If you need a tailored plan and tools, our team can help prioritize and implement measures with maximum effect for your budget. Contact us for a quick consultation.